Biology program requirements
What the Biology Specialist, Major and Minor require, as the 2026-2027 Arts & Science Calendar states it, and every course they name.
Biology Specialist
- Science program
- 12.0 credits
- Open enrolment
- ASSPE2364
Enrolment
This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program. The full enrolment requirements are on the Calendar's page for this program.
Completion requirements
The Biology Specialist, Major, and Minor programs are administered through the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology. Contact: undergrad.eeb@utoronto.ca
(12.0 credits including at least 1.0 credit at the 400-level)
First Year (3.0 credits): BIO120H1; BIO130H1; (CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/ CHM151Y1; (MAT130H1/ MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/ (MAT148H1, MAT149H1)/ MAT137Y1/ (MAT158H1, MAT159H1)/ MAT157Y1
Higher Years:
12.5 credits: BIO220H1; BIO230H1/ BIO255H1; BIO251H1/ EEB255H1/ EEB263H1/ EEB266H1/ EEB267H1/ EEB268H1; BIO270H1/ PSL300H1; BIO260H1/ HMB265H1
20.5 credit in statistics from: EEB225H1/ GGR270H1/ STA220H1/ STA257H1/ STA288H1/ STAB22H3/ STAB57H3/ STA220H5/ PSY201H1
30.5 credit from chemistry, physics or statistics: CHM220H1, CHM247H1/ CHM249H1, PHY131H1, PHY151H1, PSY202H1, STA221H1, STA255H1, STA261H1
41.5 credits at the 200+ level from: BCH; BIO; CJH332H1; CSB (excluding CSB201H1, CSB202H1); EEB (excluding EEB202H1, EEB208H1, EEB214H1, EEB215H1); EHJ352H1; ENV432H1; IMM250H1; JHE353H1, JHE355H1; MGY200H1, MGY250H1, MGY277H1; NFS284H1; PSY397H1, PSY497H1
50.5 credit at the 300+ level in plant or microbial biology from: CSB340H1, CSB350H1, CSB351Y1, CSB353H1, CSB450H1, CSB451H1, CSB452H1, CSB454H1, CSB459H1, CSB460H1, CSB475H1, EEB328H1, EEB340H1, EEB403H1, EEB405H1, EEB428H1, EEB440H1
60.5 credit at the 300+ level in animal biology from: CJH332H1, CSB325H1, CSB327H1, CSB328H1, CSB329H1, CSB330H1, CSB331H1, CSB332H1, CSB343H1, CSB346H1, CSB348H1, CSB426H1, CSB427H1, CSB428H1, CSB429H1, CSB430H1, CSB431H1, CSB432H1, CSB435H1, CSB445H1, CSB447H1, CSB483H1; EEB322H1, EEB380H1, EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1, EEB390H1, EEB440H1, EHJ352H1
Note 1NOTE: BIO270H1 and BIO271H1 are prerequisites for 300+ level CSB courses in physiology.
72.0 credits at the 300+ level (at least 1.0 credit must be from Group 1) from: Group 1: CJH332H1; CSB; EEB; EHJ352H1; ENV432H1 Group 2: ANA; ANT333Y1, ANT338H1, ANT430H1, ANT436H1; BCH; HMB; IMM; JHE353H1, JHE355H1; NFS; MGY; PCL201H1, PCL302H1, PCL381H1, PCL477H1; PSL; PSY390H1, PSY397H1, PSY495H1, PSY497H1
81.0 credit at the 400-level from: CSB; EEB; ENV432H1
Note 2NOTE: Students who wish to focus on either plant or microbial biology, or animal biology should take courses in 7. and 8. that concentrate in these subject areas as listed in 5. and 6., respectively. BIO271H1/ PSL301H1 is highly recommended for students concentrating in animal biology and is a prerequisite for 300+ level CSB courses in physiology.
Courses these requirements name
- BIO120H1Adaptation and Biodiversity
- BIO130H1Molecular and Cell Biology
- CHM135H1Chemistry: Physical Principles
- CHM136H1Introductory Organic Chemistry I
- CHM151Y1Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- MAT130H1Calculus I for Life Sciences
- MAT135H1Calculus I
- MAT136H1Calculus II
- MAT148H1Calculus I with Proofs
- MAT149H1Calculus II with Proofs
- MAT137Y1Calculus with Proofs last in the 2025-2026 Calendar
- MAT158H1Analysis 1A
- MAT159H1Analysis 1B
- MAT157Y1Analysis I last in the 2025-2026 Calendar
- BIO220H1From Genomes to Ecosystems in a Changing World
- BIO230H1From Genes to Organisms
- BIO255H1From Genes to Organisms with Advanced Laboratory
- BIO251H1Form, Function and Development in Plants
- EEB255H1Essentials of Biodiversity Science and Conservation Biology
- EEB263H1Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
- EEB266H1Animal Diversity: Invertebrates
- EEB267H1Animal Diversity: Vertebrates
- EEB268H1Plant and Microbial Diversity
- BIO270H1Animal Physiology I
- PSL300H1Human Physiology I
- BIO260H1Concepts in Genetics
- HMB265H1General & Human Genetics
- EEB225H1Biostatistics for Biological Sciences
- GGR270H1Introductory Analytical Methods
- STA220H1The Practice of Statistics I
- STA257H1Probability and Statistics I
- STA288H1Statistics and Scientific Inquiry in the Life Sciences
- STA220H5
- PSY201H1Statistics I
- CHM220H1Physical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- CHM247H1Introductory Organic Chemistry II
- CHM249H1Organic Chemistry
- PHY131H1Introduction to Physics I
- PHY151H1Foundations of Physics I
- PSY202H1Statistics II
- STA221H1The Practice of Statistics II
- STA255H1Statistical Theory
- STA261H1Probability and Statistics II
- CJH332H1Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of the Synapse
- CSB201H1Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and You
- CSB202H1Further Exploration in Biotechnology
- EEB202H1Plants and Society
- EEB208H1Ecosystems and the Human Footprint
- EEB214H1Evolution and Adaptation
- EEB215H1Conservation Biology
- EHJ352H1Human Evolutionary Genomics
- ENV432H1Urban Ecology
- IMM250H1The Immune System and Infectious Disease
- JHE353H1History of Evolutionary Biology
- JHE355H1History and Philosophy of Evolutionary Biology
- MGY200H1An Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- MGY250H1Introduction to Medical Genetics
- MGY277H1Introduction to Medical Microbiology
- NFS284H1Basic Human Nutrition
- PSY397H1Biological Rhythms
- PSY497H1Seminar in Biological Timing
- CSB340H1Plant Development
- CSB350H1Laboratory in Molecular Plant Biology
- CSB351Y1Introductory Virology last in the 2024-2025 Calendar
- CSB353H1Plant-Microorganism Interactions and Plant Immunity
- CSB450H1Proteomics in Systems Biology
- CSB451H1Seminar in Plant Cell Biology
- CSB452H1Molecular Interactions Between Plants and Microorganisms
- CSB454H1Pathogenic Effector Biology
- CSB459H1Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
- CSB460H1Plant Signal Transduction
- CSB475H1Plant Metabolomics
- EEB328H1Physiological Ecology
- EEB340H1Comparative Plant Morphology
- EEB403H1Tropical Field Biology
- EEB405H1Temperate Field Biology
- EEB428H1Global Change Ecology
- EEB440H1Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions
- CSB325H1Endocrine Physiology
- CSB327H1Extracellular Matrix Dynamics and Associated Pathologies
- CSB328H1Animal Developmental Biology
- CSB329H1Stem Cell Biology: Developmental Models and Cell-based Therapeutics
- CSB330H1Techniques in Molecular and Cell Biology
- CSB331H1Advanced Cell Biology
- CSB332H1
- CSB343H1Animal Energetics
- CSB346H1Neurobiology of Respiration
- CSB348H1Laboratory in Comparative Animal Physiology
- CSB426H1Physiology of Stress and Reproduction
- CSB427H1Drosophila as a Model in Cancer Research
- CSB428H1Cytoskeletal Networks of the Cell
- CSB429H1Germ Cell Biology
- CSB430H1Neurogenesis
- CSB431H1Evolution and Development: Gastrulation
- CSB432H1Advanced Topics in Cellular Neurophysiology
- CSB435H1Regulatory Networks and Systems in Molecular Biology
- CSB445H1Sleep Biology in Health and Disease
- CSB447H1Living Without Oxygen: Microbes to Mammals
- CSB483H1Seminar in Development
- EEB322H1Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology
- EEB380H1Diversity of Insects
- EEB382H1Diversity of Fishes
- EEB384H1Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles
- EEB386H1Diversity of Birds
- EEB388H1Diversity of Mammals
- EEB390H1Vertebrate Paleontology: Major Transitions in Vertebrate History
- BIO271H1Animal Physiology II
- ANT333Y1Living Primate Adaptations
- ANT338H1Molecular Anthropology and Human Evolution
- ANT430H1Primate Conservation Biology
- ANT436H1Primate Ecology & Social Behavior
- PCL201H1Introduction to Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetic Principles
- PCL302H1Pharmacodynamic Principles
- PCL381H1Molecular Toxicology Foundations
- PCL477H1The DNA Damage Response in Pharmacology and Toxicology
- PSY390H1Behavioural Genetics
- PSY495H1Sex and the Brain
- PSL301H1Human Physiology II
Biology Major
- Science program
- 8.0 credits
- Open enrolment
- ASMAJ2364
Enrolment
This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program. The full enrolment requirements are on the Calendar's page for this program.
Completion requirements
The Biology Specialist, Major, and Minor programs are administered through the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology. Contact: undergrad.eeb@utoronto.ca
(8.0 credits including at least 1.5 credits at the 300+ level and 0.5 credit at the 400 level)
First Year (2.0 credits): BIO120H1; BIO130H1; (CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/ CHM151Y1
Higher Years:
12.5 credits: BIO220H1; BIO230H1/ BIO255H1; BIO251H1/ EEB255H1/ EEB263H1/ EEB266H1/ EEB267H1/ EEB268H1; BIO270H1/ PSL300H1; BIO260H1/ HMB265H1
22.0 credits from: ANA; ANT333Y1, ANT338H1, ANT430H1, ANT436H1; BCH; BIO; CJH332H1; CSB (excluding CSB195H1, CSB196H1, CSB197H1, CSB198H1, CSB199H1, CSB201H1, CSB202H1); EEB (excluding EEB196H1, EEB197H1, EEB198H1, EEB199H1, EEB202H1, EEB208H1, EEB214H1, EEB215H1); EHJ352H1; HMB; IMM; JHE353H1, JHE355H1; MGY; NFS284H1; PCL201H1, PCL302H1, PCL381H1, PCL477H1; PSL; PSY390H1, PSY397H1, PSY495H1, PSY497H1
31.0 credit at 300+ level from: CJH332H1; CSB; EEB; EHJ352H1; ENV432H1
40.5 credit at 400-level from: CSB; EEB; ENV432H1
Note 1NOTE: Students who wish to focus on either plant or microbial biology, or animal biology should take courses in 2., 3., and 4. that concentrate in these subject areas (as listed below). CSB and EEB courses in plant or microbial biology: CSB340H1, CSB350H1, CSB351Y1, CSB353H1, CSB450H1, CSB451H1, CSB452H1, CSB454H1, CSB459H1, CSB460H1, CSB475H1; EEB268H1, EEB328H1, EEB340H1, EEB405H1, EEB428H1, EEB440H1 CSB and EEB courses in animal biology: BIO271H1/ PSL301H1; CJH332H1; CSB325H1, CSB327H1, CSB328H1, CSB329H1, CSB330H1, CSB331H1, CSB343H1, CSB346H1, CSB348H1, CSB426H1, CSB427H1, CSB428H1, CSB429H1, CSB430H1, CSB431H1, CSB432H1, CSB435H1, CSB445H1, CSB447H1, CSB483H1; EEB263H1, EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB322H1, EEB380H1, EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1, EEB390H1, EEB440H1; EHJ352H1. (BIO271H1/ PSL301H1 is highly recommended for students concentrating in animal biology and is a prerequisite for 300+ level CSB courses in physiology.)
Courses these requirements name
- BIO120H1Adaptation and Biodiversity
- BIO130H1Molecular and Cell Biology
- CHM135H1Chemistry: Physical Principles
- CHM136H1Introductory Organic Chemistry I
- CHM151Y1Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- BIO220H1From Genomes to Ecosystems in a Changing World
- BIO230H1From Genes to Organisms
- BIO255H1From Genes to Organisms with Advanced Laboratory
- BIO251H1Form, Function and Development in Plants
- EEB255H1Essentials of Biodiversity Science and Conservation Biology
- EEB263H1Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
- EEB266H1Animal Diversity: Invertebrates
- EEB267H1Animal Diversity: Vertebrates
- EEB268H1Plant and Microbial Diversity
- BIO270H1Animal Physiology I
- PSL300H1Human Physiology I
- BIO260H1Concepts in Genetics
- HMB265H1General & Human Genetics
- ANT333Y1Living Primate Adaptations
- ANT338H1Molecular Anthropology and Human Evolution
- ANT430H1Primate Conservation Biology
- ANT436H1Primate Ecology & Social Behavior
- CJH332H1Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of the Synapse
- CSB195H1Computational Biology Foundations
- CSB196H1Genes, Genomes and Us
- CSB197H1Human Viruses
- CSB198H1Cell and Molecular Biology in the News
- CSB199H1Biotechnology and Society
- CSB201H1Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and You
- CSB202H1Further Exploration in Biotechnology
- EEB196H1Using Ecology and Evolution to Understand our World
- EEB197H1Biodiversity and the City
- EEB198H1Genes and Behaviour
- EEB199H1Humans, Evolution and Ecology
- EEB202H1Plants and Society
- EEB208H1Ecosystems and the Human Footprint
- EEB214H1Evolution and Adaptation
- EEB215H1Conservation Biology
- EHJ352H1Human Evolutionary Genomics
- JHE353H1History of Evolutionary Biology
- JHE355H1History and Philosophy of Evolutionary Biology
- NFS284H1Basic Human Nutrition
- PCL201H1Introduction to Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetic Principles
- PCL302H1Pharmacodynamic Principles
- PCL381H1Molecular Toxicology Foundations
- PCL477H1The DNA Damage Response in Pharmacology and Toxicology
- PSY390H1Behavioural Genetics
- PSY397H1Biological Rhythms
- PSY495H1Sex and the Brain
- PSY497H1Seminar in Biological Timing
- ENV432H1Urban Ecology
- CSB340H1Plant Development
- CSB350H1Laboratory in Molecular Plant Biology
- CSB351Y1Introductory Virology last in the 2024-2025 Calendar
- CSB353H1Plant-Microorganism Interactions and Plant Immunity
- CSB450H1Proteomics in Systems Biology
- CSB451H1Seminar in Plant Cell Biology
- CSB452H1Molecular Interactions Between Plants and Microorganisms
- CSB454H1Pathogenic Effector Biology
- CSB459H1Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
- CSB460H1Plant Signal Transduction
- CSB475H1Plant Metabolomics
- EEB328H1Physiological Ecology
- EEB340H1Comparative Plant Morphology
- EEB405H1Temperate Field Biology
- EEB428H1Global Change Ecology
- EEB440H1Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions
- BIO271H1Animal Physiology II
- PSL301H1Human Physiology II
- CSB325H1Endocrine Physiology
- CSB327H1Extracellular Matrix Dynamics and Associated Pathologies
- CSB328H1Animal Developmental Biology
- CSB329H1Stem Cell Biology: Developmental Models and Cell-based Therapeutics
- CSB330H1Techniques in Molecular and Cell Biology
- CSB331H1Advanced Cell Biology
- CSB343H1Animal Energetics
- CSB346H1Neurobiology of Respiration
- CSB348H1Laboratory in Comparative Animal Physiology
- CSB426H1Physiology of Stress and Reproduction
- CSB427H1Drosophila as a Model in Cancer Research
- CSB428H1Cytoskeletal Networks of the Cell
- CSB429H1Germ Cell Biology
- CSB430H1Neurogenesis
- CSB431H1Evolution and Development: Gastrulation
- CSB432H1Advanced Topics in Cellular Neurophysiology
- CSB435H1Regulatory Networks and Systems in Molecular Biology
- CSB445H1Sleep Biology in Health and Disease
- CSB447H1Living Without Oxygen: Microbes to Mammals
- CSB483H1Seminar in Development
- EEB322H1Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology
- EEB380H1Diversity of Insects
- EEB382H1Diversity of Fishes
- EEB384H1Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles
- EEB386H1Diversity of Birds
- EEB388H1Diversity of Mammals
- EEB390H1Vertebrate Paleontology: Major Transitions in Vertebrate History
Biology Minor
- Science program
- 4.0 credits
- Open enrolment
- ASMIN2364
Enrolment
This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program. The full enrolment requirements are on the Calendar's page for this program.
Completion requirements
The Biology Specialist, Major, and Minor programs are administered through the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology. Contact: undergrad.eeb@utoronto.ca
4.0 credits
First Year (1.0 credit): BIO120H1, BIO130H1
Higher Years:
1BIO220H1
2BIO230H1/ BIO255H1
30.5 credit from: BIO251H1, BIO260H1, BIO270H1, BIO271H1, EEB255H1, EEB263H1, EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB268H1, HMB265H1, PSL300H1, PSL301H1
41.5 credits (1.0 credit must be at the 300+ level) from: BIO, CJH332H1, CSB (excluding CSB195H1, CSB196H1, CSB197H1, CSB198H1, CSB199H1, CSB201H1, CSB202H1), EEB (excluding EEB196H1, EEB197H1, EEB198H1, EEB199H1, EEB202H1, EEB208H1, EEB214H1, EEB215H1), EHJ352H1, ENV432H1, HMB265H1, JHE353H1, JHE355H1, MGY200H1, MGY250H1, MGY277H1, PSY397H1, PSY497H1
Courses these requirements name
- BIO120H1Adaptation and Biodiversity
- BIO130H1Molecular and Cell Biology
- BIO220H1From Genomes to Ecosystems in a Changing World
- BIO230H1From Genes to Organisms
- BIO255H1From Genes to Organisms with Advanced Laboratory
- BIO251H1Form, Function and Development in Plants
- BIO260H1Concepts in Genetics
- BIO270H1Animal Physiology I
- BIO271H1Animal Physiology II
- EEB255H1Essentials of Biodiversity Science and Conservation Biology
- EEB263H1Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
- EEB266H1Animal Diversity: Invertebrates
- EEB267H1Animal Diversity: Vertebrates
- EEB268H1Plant and Microbial Diversity
- HMB265H1General & Human Genetics
- PSL300H1Human Physiology I
- PSL301H1Human Physiology II
- CJH332H1Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of the Synapse
- CSB195H1Computational Biology Foundations
- CSB196H1Genes, Genomes and Us
- CSB197H1Human Viruses
- CSB198H1Cell and Molecular Biology in the News
- CSB199H1Biotechnology and Society
- CSB201H1Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and You
- CSB202H1Further Exploration in Biotechnology
- EEB196H1Using Ecology and Evolution to Understand our World
- EEB197H1Biodiversity and the City
- EEB198H1Genes and Behaviour
- EEB199H1Humans, Evolution and Ecology
- EEB202H1Plants and Society
- EEB208H1Ecosystems and the Human Footprint
- EEB214H1Evolution and Adaptation
- EEB215H1Conservation Biology
- EHJ352H1Human Evolutionary Genomics
- ENV432H1Urban Ecology
- JHE353H1History of Evolutionary Biology
- JHE355H1History and Philosophy of Evolutionary Biology
- MGY200H1An Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- MGY250H1Introduction to Medical Genetics
- MGY277H1Introduction to Medical Microbiology
- PSY397H1Biological Rhythms
- PSY497H1Seminar in Biological Timing
Requirements are quoted from the 2026-2027 Arts & Science Calendar, which is the official version. Atlas is independent of U of T, so confirm important decisions with your department or college registrar. See how to read program requirements or browse every program.
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