Astronomy & Astrophysics program requirements

What the Astronomy & Astrophysics Major and Minor require, as the 2026-2027 Arts & Science Calendar states it, and every course they name.

Astronomy & Astrophysics Major

  • Science program
  • 8.0 credits
  • Open enrolment
  • ASMAJ1423

Enrolment

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program. The full enrolment requirements are on the Calendar's page for this program.

Completion requirements

This program is appropriate for students interested in a more flexible and diverse undergraduate program. It may be tailored to be a natural counterpart to a second major in Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, or Computer Science; students should consult the undergraduate chairs of Astronomy & Astrophysics and the respective departments for advice on course selection.

(8.0 credits, including at least 2.0 credits at the 300+ level, and a 0.5 credit at the 400-level)

First Year:

11.0 credit from (MAT130H1/ MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/ (MAT148H1, MAT149H1/ MAT137Y1)/ (MAT158H1, MAT159H1/ MAT157Y1) ((MAT148H1, MAT149H1/ MAT137Y1) recommended)

21.0 credit from PHY131H1/ PHY151H1, PHY132H1/ PHY152H1 (PHY151H1, PHY152H1 recommended)

30.5 credit from CSC108H1/ CSC110Y1/ CSC148H1 or another course that gives a foundation in computer programming approved by the Undergraduate Chair (CSC108H1 recommended for non-Computer Science majors)

4(AST121H1 recommended but not required)

Second Year:

11.0 credit: AST221H1, AST222H1

21.0 credit from (MAT235H1, MAT236H1)/ MAT235Y1/ MAT237Y1/ MAT257Y1 (MAT237Y1 recommended)

30.5 credit: PHY252H1

40.5 credit from one of PHY224H1/ PHY250H1/ PHY254H1/ PHY256H1

Third Year:

11.0 credit: AST320H1, AST325H1/ AST326Y1 (AST325H1 recommended)

Third or fourth year:

10.5 credit from AST424H1/ AST425Y1 (if taking AST425Y1, the extra 0.5 credit can go to point 3 below).

20.5 credit from AST310H1/ ENV222H1/ ENV333H1/ ESS205H1/ HPS200H1/ JPH441H1/ PHL273H1/ VIC172Y1, or another course with a significant emphasis on Social and Ethical Responsibility approved by the Undergraduate Chair.

30.5 credit from one of the following subject areas: Computer Science: CSC336H1, CSC385H1, CSC413H1, CSC456H1; Statistics: STA302H1, STA313H1; Mathematics: APM346H1, MAT327H1, MAT334H1, MAT363H1; Physics: PHY350H1, PHY354H1, PHY356H1, PHY357H1, PHY358H1, PHY385H1, PHY407H1, PHY408H1, PHY450H1, JPE395H1; Astronomy: AST430H1, or AST425Y1 (0.5 credit from point 1 above).

Notes:

Note 1Students interested in pursuing a research project in fourth year (AST425Y1) should consult the undergraduate chair.

Note 2Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, UTM, and UTSC equivalents to courses can be substituted on a case-by-case basis with the approval of the course coordinator or the undergraduate chair.

Note 3Third-year students are invited and fourth-year students are expected to attend the weekly departmental colloquia.

Courses these requirements name

  • MAT130H1Calculus I for Life Sciences
  • MAT135H1Calculus I
  • MAT136H1Calculus II
  • MAT148H1Calculus I with Proofs
  • MAT149H1Calculus II with Proofs
  • MAT137Y1Calculus with Proofs last in the 2025-2026 Calendar
  • MAT158H1Analysis 1A
  • MAT159H1Analysis 1B
  • MAT157Y1Analysis I last in the 2025-2026 Calendar
  • PHY131H1Introduction to Physics I
  • PHY151H1Foundations of Physics I
  • PHY132H1Introduction to Physics II
  • PHY152H1Foundations of Physics II
  • CSC108H1Introduction to Computer Programming
  • CSC110Y1Foundations of Computer Science I
  • CSC148H1Introduction to Computer Science
  • AST121H1Twinkle, Sparkle, Brilliant Sky
  • AST221H1Stars and Planets
  • AST222H1Galaxies and Cosmology
  • MAT235H1Vector Calculus I
  • MAT236H1Vector Calculus II
  • MAT235Y1Multivariable Calculus last in the 2025-2026 Calendar
  • MAT237Y1Multivariable Calculus with Proofs
  • MAT257Y1Analysis II
  • PHY252H1Thermal Physics
  • PHY224H1Practical Physics I
  • PHY250H1Electricity and Magnetism
  • PHY254H1Classical Mechanics
  • PHY256H1Introduction to Quantum Physics
  • AST320H1Introduction to Astrophysics
  • AST325H1Introduction to Practical Astronomy
  • AST326Y1Practical Astronomy
  • AST424H1Introduction to Astrophysical Research
  • AST425Y1Research Topic in Astronomy
  • AST310H1Indigenous Methodologies for Astronomy
  • ENV222H1Pathways to Sustainability: An Interdisciplinary Approach
  • ENV333H1Ecological Worldviews
  • ESS205H1Confronting Global Change
  • HPS200H1Science and Values
  • JPH441H1Physical Science in Contemporary Society
  • PHL273H1Environmental Ethics
  • VIC172Y1Physical Sciences Today
  • CSC336H1Numerical Methods
  • CSC385H1Microprocessor Systems
  • CSC413H1Neural Networks and Deep Learning
  • CSC456H1High-Performance Scientific Computing
  • STA302H1Methods of Data Analysis I
  • STA313H1Data Visualization
  • APM346H1Partial Differential Equations
  • MAT327H1Introduction to Topology
  • MAT334H1Complex Variables
  • MAT363H1Geometry of Curves and Surfaces
  • PHY350H1Electromagnetic Theory
  • PHY354H1Advanced Classical Mechanics
  • PHY356H1Quantum Mechanics I
  • PHY357H1Nuclear and Particle Physics
  • PHY358H1Quantum Materials: from Atoms to Crystals
  • PHY385H1Introductory Optics
  • PHY407H1Computational Physics
  • PHY408H1Time Series Analysis
  • PHY450H1Relativistic Electrodynamics
  • JPE395H1Physics of the Earth
  • AST430H1Supervised Study in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Astronomy & Astrophysics Minor

  • Science program
  • Open enrolment
  • ASMIN1423

Enrolment

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program. The full enrolment requirements are on the Calendar's page for this program.

Completion requirements

A program designed for students looking to add breadth to a program in another, perhaps unrelated discipline.

(4 full courses or their equivalent)

1Year 1: Introductory Physics 1 credit from (PHY131H1/ PHY151H1), (PHY132H1/ PHY152H1)

2Year 2: Introductory Astronomy 1 credit of AST221H1, AST222H1

3Year 3: Physical Sciences 0.5 credit from PHY252H1 (recommended), PHY224H1, PHY250H1, PHY254H1, PHY256H1, ESS261H1, ESS262H1 0.5 credit from from PHY252H1, PHY224H1, PHY250H1, PHY254H1, PHY256H1, CHM210H1, CHM222H1, ESS223H1, ESS245H1, ESS261H1, ESS262H1

4Year 3 or 4: Astronomy 1 credit from AST320H1/ AST325H1/ AST326Y1

Notes:

Note 1AST221H1 and AST222H1 courses have the following MAT 100-level pre-requisites: (MAT130H1/ MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/ (MAT148H1, MAT149H1/ MAT137Y1)/ (MAT158H1, MAT159H1/ MAT157Y1)

Note 2Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering equivalents to the physics courses can be substituted. Please consult the Undergraduate Chair.

Courses these requirements name

  • PHY131H1Introduction to Physics I
  • PHY151H1Foundations of Physics I
  • PHY132H1Introduction to Physics II
  • PHY152H1Foundations of Physics II
  • AST221H1Stars and Planets
  • AST222H1Galaxies and Cosmology
  • PHY252H1Thermal Physics
  • PHY224H1Practical Physics I
  • PHY250H1Electricity and Magnetism
  • PHY254H1Classical Mechanics
  • PHY256H1Introduction to Quantum Physics
  • ESS261H1Earth System Evolution
  • ESS262H1Earth System Processes
  • CHM210H1Chemistry of Environmental Change
  • CHM222H1Introduction to Physical Chemistry
  • ESS223H1Introduction to Geochemistry
  • ESS245H1Computational Geology
  • AST320H1Introduction to Astrophysics
  • AST325H1Introduction to Practical Astronomy
  • AST326Y1Practical Astronomy
  • MAT130H1Calculus I for Life Sciences
  • MAT135H1Calculus I
  • MAT136H1Calculus II
  • MAT148H1Calculus I with Proofs
  • MAT149H1Calculus II with Proofs
  • MAT137Y1Calculus with Proofs last in the 2025-2026 Calendar
  • MAT158H1Analysis 1A
  • MAT159H1Analysis 1B
  • MAT157Y1Analysis I last in the 2025-2026 Calendar

Requirements are quoted from the 2026-2027 Arts & Science Calendar, which is the official version. Atlas is independent of U of T, so confirm important decisions with your department or college registrar. See how to read program requirements or browse every program.

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